GMOs are genetically modified organisms; which statement best captures common benefits and criticisms?

• A. Genetically Modified Organisms; benefits include higher yields and pest resistance, criticisms include environmental risks and corporate control
• B. Grow-only on organic farms
• C. A new system of irrigation
• D. A type of pesticide

Answer: (A)

GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been modified to express traits that help agriculture, such as higher yields or pest resistance. Those benefits are the ones most often highlighted because they can lead to more product and fewer losses. At the same time, criticisms frequently focus on environmental concerns—like the potential for genes to spread to wild relatives, impacts on non-target species, and the possibility of pests evolving resistance—and on corporate control of seeds through patents and licensing, which can affect farmers’ choices and independence. This combination—improved productivity alongside environmental and ownership concerns—best captures the common benefits and criticisms of GMOs. The other options miss what GMOs are or mischaracterize their purpose.